akar.earthDynamic performance benchmark: Definition
What is a dynamic performance benchmark? How VM0047 uses control plots and remote sensing to set ARR baselines and test additionality, with Indonesian notes.
A dynamic performance benchmark is a baseline that is measured and updated over time using remote sensing of comparable control areas outside a project, rather than projected once at the start. In Verra’s VM0047 area-based approach, it sets the expected vegetation change without the project and is used for both the baseline and additionality.
Why it matters
Traditional ARR baselines often assumed no natural regrowth, which can over-credit projects where land would have recovered anyway. A dynamic benchmark measures what actually happens on similar land nearby. If control areas regrow, the project’s credited removals fall accordingly. This makes ARR crediting more robust and harder to game, which buyers and raters value.
How it works
- Select control plots: areas matched to project plots on land cover, climate, soils, slope, access and other factors.
- Monitor with remote sensing: track a vegetation index or biomass proxy over time in both project and control plots.
- Compare performance: project performance must exceed the benchmark to be credited.
- Combine with field data: plot sampling measures actual carbon stocks in the project area.
Our page on the VM0047 area-based approach explains the method in detail. Smaller plantings can use the census-based approach instead.
Indonesia angle
In Indonesia, abandoned land can regrow quickly into secondary forest, but repeated fire and grazing can keep Imperata grassland stable for years. A dynamic benchmark captures these local dynamics. Practical challenges include cloud cover affecting optical imagery, finding enough well-matched control areas in fragmented smallholder landscapes, and keeping control plots free from project influence.
Common mistakes
- Selecting control plots that are less likely to regrow than project land.
- Choosing controls that later receive planting from other programmes.
- Relying on remote sensing only without plot data.
Related terms
See control plot, additionality and baseline scenario, or start at the ARR hub.
Frequently asked questions
Which methodology uses a dynamic performance benchmark?
Verra's VM0047 for ARR, in its area-based approach. VM0047 v1.1 has been effective for all projects since 14 May 2025.
Why is it called dynamic?
Because it is updated over time with remote sensing data from control plots, rather than fixed at the project start. If surrounding land regrows naturally, the benchmark rises with it.