akar.earthIndonesia Province Guide to Forest Carbon and EUDR
Indonesia provinces and forest carbon: a guide to all 38 provinces, their forests, peat, mangroves, commodities, project types and EUDR exposure.
This section has a page for each of Indonesia’s 38 provinces, explaining its forests, peat and mangroves, main commodities, the carbon project types that fit, and how exposed it is to the EUDR. Use it to judge, before any site visit, what is realistic in a given place.
Indonesia is not one market. A peat-swamp landscape in Central Kalimantan, a coffee highland in Aceh and a mangrove coast in East Nusa Tenggara need different project types, different partners and different evidence.
How each province page is organised
Every page follows the same structure, so you can compare provinces quickly:
- Landscape. Forest types, peat and mangrove presence, described qualitatively unless a figure is well established.
- Commodities. The main export crops and wood products, which drive both deforestation pressure and EUDR exposure.
- Project fit. Which of ARR, REDD+, blue carbon, peat and agroforestry suit the province.
- EUDR relevance. Which supply chains face due diligence and where smallholder traceability is hardest.
- Land and people. Social forestry, customary land and tenure issues that shape who can hold carbon rights.
A quick regional map
Sumatra. Lowland forest, extensive peat on the east coast, and large oil palm, rubber and coffee sectors. Strong EUDR exposure and peat REDD+ potential. Start with Riau, Jambi, North Sumatra and Aceh.
Kalimantan. Large forest and peat areas, oil palm and pulpwood expansion, and mining. The heartland of Indonesian REDD+. See Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan and West Kalimantan.
Sulawesi. Smallholder cocoa and coffee, upland forest and coastal mangroves. Agroforestry and EUDR traceability are central. See South Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi.
Papua. The largest remaining intact forest blocks, extensive mangroves and strong customary land systems. High conservation and REDD+ significance, with community rights at the centre. See Papua and South Papua.
Java and Bali. Dense population, little natural forest left, many smallholder farms and community forests. Best suited to ARR, agroforestry and small-scale mangrove work. See West Java and Bali.
Nusa Tenggara and Maluku. Drier islands, savanna and coastal ecosystems, spice and tree crops. Smaller-scale ARR, agroforestry and blue carbon. See East Nusa Tenggara and Maluku.
Why provincial context matters
Jurisdictional REDD+ is organised at province level, so provincial programmes can affect how projects are nested and how baselines are allocated. Permenhut 6/2026 names social forestry groups, customary forests and communities as legitimate participants in forestry carbon trading, and how much land sits in each of those categories varies by province. EUDR due diligence also starts with the province of origin, because risk depends on local deforestation history and supply chain structure.
Using this section with the rest of the site
Pair a province page with the relevant topic hub: REDD+ for forest and peat provinces, blue carbon for mangrove coasts, agroforestry for smallholder crop regions, and EUDR for export supply chains. The forest carbon hub explains how the pieces fit together.
To screen a specific site, try the carbon project eligibility quiz, or ask us for a feasibility and land eligibility review. All 38 province pages are listed below.
Frequently asked questions
Which Indonesian provinces have the most forest carbon potential?
Provinces with large remaining forest and peat, such as those in Kalimantan, Papua and parts of Sumatra, have the largest REDD+ and peat potential. Provinces with degraded land and smallholder farms, including much of Java, Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara, suit ARR and agroforestry.
Which provinces are most exposed to the EUDR?
Provinces that produce palm oil, rubber, coffee, cocoa and timber for export, especially in Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi, face the most EUDR due diligence demand from EU buyers.
Does province matter for a carbon project?
Yes. Forest type, peat and mangrove presence, land tenure patterns, provincial policy and jurisdictional REDD+ programmes all vary by province and affect which project types are feasible.
Province profiles
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Aceh
Forest carbon in Aceh: Leuser and Ulu Masen forests, Tripa peat, Gayo coffee and palm oil, which project types fit and where EUDR exposure sits.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Bali
Forest carbon in Bali: West Bali National Park, Benoa Bay mangroves, Kintamani coffee and Jembrana cocoa agroforestry, desa adat land and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Bangka Belitung Islands
Forest carbon in Bangka Belitung Islands: post-tin-mining land, heath forest and mangroves, pepper, palm oil and rubber, rehabilitation fit and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Banten
Forest carbon in Banten: Ujung Kulon and Halimun Salak forests, Baduy customary land, smallholder wood and cocoa, coastal mangroves and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Bengkulu
Forest carbon in Bengkulu: Kerinci Seblat and Bukit Barisan forests, robusta coffee highlands, palm oil and rubber, agroforestry fit and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Central Java
Forest carbon in Central Java: teak forests, Jepara furniture, smallholder woodlots, Demak and Segara Anakan mangroves, coffee highlands and EUDR wood exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Central Kalimantan
Forest carbon in Central Kalimantan: Sebangau and Tanjung Puting peat, the former Mega Rice Project area, palm oil, peat restoration and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Central Papua
Forest carbon in Central Papua: Lorentz National Park, Mimika mangroves, Nabire lowlands, highland coffee, mining pressure, customary land and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Central Sulawesi
Forest carbon in Central Sulawesi: Lore Lindu and Togean forests, nickel mining pressure, cocoa and coconut, mangroves, project fit and EUDR cocoa exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in East Java
Forest carbon in East Java: Bromo Tengger Semeru, Meru Betiri and Baluran, smallholder sengon, Ijen coffee, Jember cocoa, mangroves and EUDR wood exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in East Kalimantan
Forest carbon in East Kalimantan: Kutai, Wehea and Berau forests, Mahakam delta mangroves, logging, coal and palm oil, jurisdictional REDD+ and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in East Nusa Tenggara
Forest carbon in East Nusa Tenggara: savanna and dry monsoon forest, sandalwood, Flores coffee and cocoa, Komodo and Sumba parks, mangroves and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Gorontalo
Forest carbon in Gorontalo: Nantu and Bogani Nani Wartabone forests, Tomini Bay mangroves, maize on slopes, coconut and cocoa, project fit and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Highland Papua
Forest carbon in Highland Papua: Baliem Valley, Lorentz montane forest, Wamena coffee, customary clan land, high-forest low-deforestation fit and EUDR.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Jakarta
Forest carbon in Jakarta: Muara Angke mangroves, Thousand Islands, and why Jakarta matters as the base for exporters, buyers and IDXCarbon under EUDR rules.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Jambi
Forest carbon in Jambi: Berbak peat, Kerinci Seblat and Bukit Duabelas, rubber, palm oil, pulpwood and cinnamon, project fit and EUDR exposure explained.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Lampung
Forest carbon in Lampung: Bukit Barisan Selatan and Way Kambas, robusta coffee and cocoa agroforestry, community forestry, mangroves and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Maluku
Forest carbon in Maluku: Manusela forests on Seram, sago swamps, Aru and Seram mangroves, nutmeg and clove agroforestry, customary sasi and low EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in North Kalimantan
Forest carbon in North Kalimantan: Kayan Mentarang and Heart of Borneo forests, Sesayap delta mangroves, palm oil and timber, project fit and EUDR.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in North Maluku
Forest carbon in North Maluku: Halmahera rainforest, Aketajawe-Lolobata, nickel mining pressure, clove and nutmeg agroforestry, mangroves and low EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in North Sulawesi
Forest carbon in North Sulawesi: Tangkoko and Bogani Nani Wartabone forests, Bunaken mangroves, coconut, clove and nutmeg, project fit and low EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in North Sumatra
Forest carbon in North Sumatra: Batang Toru, Leuser and Toba highlands, east coast peat and mangroves, palm oil, rubber and coffee EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Papua
Forest carbon in Papua province after the 2022 split: Mamberamo, Foja and Cyclops forests, sago, cocoa, oil palm, customary land and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Riau
Forest carbon in Riau: deep peat on the Kampar Peninsula and Siak, Tesso Nilo, palm oil and pulpwood, peat restoration fit and heavy EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Riau Islands
Forest carbon in Riau Islands: mangroves and seagrass across Batam, Bintan, Lingga and Natuna, limited land commodities, blue carbon fit and low EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in South Kalimantan
Forest carbon in South Kalimantan: Meratus mountains, Barito swamps, coal mining land, palm oil and rubber, mangroves, project fit and EUDR exposure explained.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in South Papua
Forest carbon in South Papua: Wasur savanna, Asmat mangroves, Merauke food estate and oil palm in Boven Digoel, customary land, project fit and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in South Sulawesi
Forest carbon in South Sulawesi: Maros-Pangkep karst, Toraja and Enrekang coffee, Luwu cocoa, nickel in Luwu Timur, coastal ponds and mangroves, EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in South Sumatra
Forest carbon in South Sumatra: OKI peat, Sembilang mangroves, rubber, palm oil, pulpwood and robusta coffee, project types and EUDR exposure explained.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Southeast Sulawesi
Forest carbon in Southeast Sulawesi: Rawa Aopa Watumohai, Wakatobi, nickel mining, Kolaka cocoa, cashew, mangroves, project fit and EUDR exposure explained.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Southwest Papua
Forest carbon in Southwest Papua: Raja Ampat and Tambrauw, Sorong forests and mangroves, Moi customary land, oil palm permits, project fit and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in West Java
Forest carbon in West Java: montane parks, smallholder sengon woodlots, Java Preanger coffee, degraded north coast mangroves, project fit and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in West Kalimantan
Forest carbon in West Kalimantan: Gunung Palung, Danau Sentarum and Betung Kerihun, Kapuas peat and mangroves, palm oil, rubber and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in West Nusa Tenggara
Forest carbon in West Nusa Tenggara: Rinjani and Tambora forests, dry monsoon forest, maize on Sumbawa, coffee, mangroves, project fit and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in West Papua
Forest carbon in West Papua: Bintuni Bay mangroves, Arfak Mountains, Fakfak nutmeg, oil palm permit reviews, conservation province status and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in West Sulawesi
Forest carbon in West Sulawesi: Gandang Dewata and Mamasa uplands, cocoa, oil palm and coffee, coastal mangroves, agroforestry fit and EUDR exposure explained.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in West Sumatra
Forest carbon in West Sumatra: Kerinci Seblat and Siberut forests, nagari customary forests, cinnamon and coffee agroforestry, palm oil and EUDR exposure.
- Forest Carbon and EUDR in Yogyakarta
Forest carbon in Yogyakarta: Gunungkidul karst community teak, Merapi slopes, Menoreh cocoa and coffee, small coastal mangroves, project fit and EUDR exposure.