akar.earthIndonesian Carbon Trading Regulation
Peraturan perdagangan karbon Indonesia in one map: Perpres 110/2025, POJK 10/2026, Permenhut 6/2026, SRUK and IDXCarbon, and how they fit together.
Indonesian carbon trading regulation now rests on Perpres 110/2025, with OJK rules for the carbon exchange (POJK 14/2023 as amended by POJK 10/2026), sector rules from the forestry and environment ministries, and a single registry, SRUK. Any project that wants to trade Indonesian carbon units, at home or abroad, has to fit this framework.
This hub maps the rules, explains who regulates what, and links to a page on each instrument. The landscape changed a lot in 2025 and 2026, so check dates carefully.
The framework in one picture
Think of the system as four layers.
| Layer | What it governs | Key instruments |
|---|---|---|
| Umbrella | Carbon economic value, trading, offsets, international transfers | Perpres 110/2025 (earlier: Perpres 98/2021) |
| Sector | How each sector creates and trades carbon units | Permenhut 6/2026 (forestry), Permen LH/BPLH 11/2026 (waste), earlier ministry rules |
| Registry | Recording, transfer and retirement of units | SRUK (replacing SRN-PPI) |
| Market | Exchange trading and supervision | POJK 14/2023 as amended by POJK 10/2026; IDXCarbon |
A forestry project touches all four: it needs a valid land basis and sector approval, registry recording, and, if it trades on the exchange, OJK rules.
Umbrella: Perpres 110/2025
Perpres 110/2025 is the current legal anchor for carbon trading. It replaced the NEK framework that Perpres 98/2021 set up. That earlier regulation introduced the core concepts still in use: carbon economic value, emissions trading, offsets and results-based payments. See Perpres 110/2025 and, for history, Perpres 98/2021.
Forestry: Permenhut 6/2026
The Ministry of Forestry socialised Permenhut 6/2026 on forestry carbon trading on 29 April 2026. It explicitly names social forestry groups, customary forests and communities as legitimate, equal participants, under the banner “carbon for the people”. It sits on top of earlier ministry rules, including Permen LHK 21/2022 on procedures for carbon economic value and Permen LHK 7/2023 on forestry carbon trading.
- Permenhut 6/2026
- Carbon projects in social forestry
- Carbon rights in customary forests
- PBPH forest utilisation licences and carbon
Other sectors have their own rules. Permen LH/BPLH 11/2026 on the waste sector was set on 12 August 2026; see Permen LH 11/2026.
Registry: SRUK
Units traded on the exchange must be recorded in SRUK, which replaces SRN-PPI. That matters for projects that already hold international registrations, because the same tonnes must not be counted twice. SRUK explains the registry, SRN-PPI covers the transition, and SRUK vs the Verra registry compares domestic and international records.
Market: IDXCarbon and OJK
IDXCarbon is Indonesia’s carbon exchange, supervised by OJK. It trades two unit types:
- PTBAE-PU, emission allowances for business actors covered by emissions caps, such as power plants. See PTBAE-PU.
- SPE-GRK, greenhouse gas emission reduction certificates, which work as offsets. See SPE-GRK.
It uses four trading mechanisms: auction, regular (spot), negotiated and marketplace, and reports cumulative volume of more than 1.9 million tCO2e. POJK 10/2026 amends the exchange rules in POJK 14/2023 and applies from 6 July 2026. See IDXCarbon, POJK 10/2026 and OJK supervision of the carbon exchange.
The questions that decide feasibility
Regulation shapes project design in four places.
- Who owns the carbon? Carbon rights follow land and forest rights: state forest licences, social forestry permits, customary forests or private land. Who owns the carbon? explains each case.
- How are benefits shared? Rules on benefit sharing between government, licence holders and communities affect project economics. See benefit sharing.
- Can units leave the country? International sales may require authorisation and corresponding adjustments, which interact with Indonesia’s NDC and FOLU Net Sink 2030 target. See the Article 6 hub and mutual recognition with international standards.
- What is off limits? The permanent moratorium on new licences in primary forest and peat, and peat protection rules, restrict where some activities can take place.
Market signals
Indonesian credits score well on quality. BeZero’s 11 rated ex-post Indonesian projects average ‘A’, against ‘B’ as the most common nature-based rating elsewhere. Yet Indonesian credits still trade at a fraction of real abatement cost. Regulatory uncertainty and restrictive compliance eligibility are named as causes. Clearer rules should help, but each change also creates transition risk for existing projects.
Domestic and international routes
An Indonesian forest project can sell into the domestic market, the international voluntary market, or both. Each route has its own registry, approvals and buyers, and the same tonne must never be counted twice. Data and documents should therefore be prepared so they work for SRUK and for the international registry at the same time. IDXCarbon vs international registries compares the options.
Common mistakes
- Relying on old rules. Many summaries still describe Perpres 98/2021 and SRN-PPI as current. Check that any advice reflects Perpres 110/2025, POJK 10/2026 and SRUK.
- Assuming an international registration is enough. Verra or Gold Standard registration does not remove domestic obligations.
- Leaving carbon rights unclear. A project on state forest land without a valid licence or social forestry permit cannot establish who owns the carbon.
- Ignoring benefit sharing. Regulations and community expectations both require a fair, documented split.
- Treating secondary sources as law. Read the regulation text itself, from the issuing body.
How to keep up
Rules are still being issued and amended, and official full texts are not always easy to find. Check the issuing body’s website (JDIH pages, OJK, the ministries) for the current text before relying on any summary, including ours. The regulation timeline 2021–2026 lists the key instruments in order.
Getting help
Our Indonesian carbon regulatory navigation service maps which rules apply to your land, project type and buyers, and what approvals you need in what order. Every regulation page is listed below.
Frequently asked questions
What is the main regulation for carbon trading in Indonesia?
Perpres 110/2025 is now the legal anchor for carbon trading in Indonesia. It replaced the earlier framework set up by Perpres 98/2021 on carbon economic value (NEK).
What is SRUK?
SRUK is Indonesia's carbon unit registry system. Units traded on the carbon exchange must be recorded in SRUK, which replaces the older SRN-PPI registry.
What does POJK 10/2026 change?
POJK 10/2026 amends POJK 14/2023 on carbon trading through the carbon exchange and applies from 6 July 2026. It updates the OJK rules that govern IDXCarbon.
Can communities sell forest carbon under Indonesian law?
Permenhut 6/2026, socialised on 29 April 2026, names social forestry groups, customary forests and communities as legitimate, equal participants in forestry carbon trading. The ministry framed it as 'carbon for the people'.
What does IDXCarbon trade?
IDXCarbon trades PTBAE-PU emission allowances and SPE-GRK offset certificates through four mechanisms: auction, regular (spot), negotiated and marketplace. It is supervised by OJK.
Comparisons
- IDXCarbon vs International Registries
IDXCarbon vs international registries such as Verra, Gold Standard and ART: what trades where, who can buy, SRUK recording and how Indonesian projects choose.
- SRUK vs the Verra Registry
SRUK vs the Verra Registry: what each records, legal status, unit types, interoperability and how Indonesian carbon projects handle both registries in 2026.
Glossary
- FOLU Net Sink: Definition
What is Indonesia's FOLU Net Sink 2030? The forestry and land use target to absorb more carbon than the sector emits, and what it means for carbon projects.
- Hutan adat: Definition
What is hutan adat (customary forest) in Indonesia? Its legal status after the 2012 Constitutional Court ruling and its role in forestry carbon projects.
- IDXCarbon: Definition
What is IDXCarbon? Indonesia's OJK-supervised carbon exchange, what it trades, its four mechanisms and who can participate, explained in brief.
- NEK: Definition
What is NEK (Nilai Ekonomi Karbon)? Indonesia's carbon pricing framework, from Perpres 98/2021 to Perpres 110/2025, and its instruments explained.
- PBPH: Definition
What is PBPH (Perizinan Berusaha Pemanfaatan Hutan)? Indonesia's forest utilisation business licence, multi-business forestry and its role in carbon projects.
- Perhutanan sosial: Definition
What is perhutanan sosial (social forestry) in Indonesia? The five schemes, how communities get forest access rights, and how it links to carbon projects.
- PTBAE: Definition
What is PTBAE? Indonesia's emission cap approval for compliance companies, PTBAE-PU allowances traded on IDXCarbon, and how they relate to offsets.
- SPE-GRK: Definition
What is SPE-GRK? Indonesia's greenhouse gas emission reduction certificate, how it is issued and traded on IDXCarbon, and how forest projects qualify.
- SRN-PPI: Definition
What is SRN-PPI? Indonesia's national climate change registry, its role in carbon trading before SRUK, and what projects need to know about the transition.
- SRUK: Definition
What is SRUK (Sistem Registri Unit Karbon)? Indonesia's carbon unit registry that replaces SRN-PPI for tradable units, and what it means for projects.
Indonesian regulation
- Benefit Sharing in Indonesian Forest Carbon Projects
Benefit sharing in Indonesian carbon projects: what Permenhut 6/2026 and standards expect, how to design a fair split, and what buyers check.
- Who Owns the Carbon? Land Rights and Carbon Rights in Indonesia
Carbon rights in Indonesia explained: how carbon follows land and forest rights across state forest, PBPH, social forestry, hutan adat and private land.
- Indonesia’s Carbon Tax: Status and Design
Pajak karbon Indonesia explained: the carbon tax in UU 7/2021, its IDR 30 per kg CO2e minimum rate, postponed rollout and links to carbon trading.
- Corresponding Adjustments for Indonesian Credits
Corresponding adjustments in Indonesia explained: when exported carbon units need authorisation, how this links to the NDC, and what buyers should ask for.
- Carbon Rights in Customary Forests (Hutan Adat)
Hutan adat carbon explained: MK 35/2012, recognition of customary forest, Permenhut 6/2026 participation, FPIC and what developers and buyers must check.
- Indonesia FOLU Net Sink 2030
Indonesia's FOLU Net Sink 2030 targets a -140 MtCO2e land-sector sink by 2030. What it is, how it is implemented and what it means for carbon projects.
- IDXCarbon: Indonesia’s Carbon Exchange
IDXCarbon explained: Indonesia's OJK-supervised carbon exchange, what it trades, how it links to SRUK, and what it means for forest-carbon sellers and buyers.
- How to Become an IDXCarbon Service User
IDXCarbon registration explained: user categories, documents for Indonesian and foreign companies, training and review steps for sellers and buyers.
- IDXCarbon Trading Mechanisms: Auction, Spot, Negotiated, Marketplace
The four IDXCarbon trading mechanisms explained: Auction, Regular (spot), Negotiated Market and Marketplace, and which suits forest-carbon deals.
- Indonesia’s NDC and the Land Sector
How Indonesia’s NDC relies on forestry and land use, what the targets mean for forest carbon projects, and how the NDC shapes credit exports.
- The Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) Between Indonesia and Japan
JCM Indonesia explained: the 2013 Indonesia–Japan crediting partnership, how JCM credits work under Article 6.2, and what it means for forest and land projects.
- Mutual Recognition Between Indonesia and International Standards
Mutual recognition arrangements for carbon in Indonesia: how international standards such as Verra may link to SRUK, and what developers should check.
- OJK Supervision of the Carbon Exchange
How OJK supervises Indonesia's carbon exchange: its legal mandate, POJK 14/2023 and POJK 10/2026, and what that oversight means for carbon sellers and buyers.
- PBPH Forest Utilisation Business Licences and Carbon
PBPH karbon explained: how Indonesia's forest utilisation business licences allow carbon storage and sequestration under multi-business forestry rules.
- Peatland Protection and Restoration Rules in Indonesia
Indonesia's peatland regulation explained: PP 71/2014 and PP 57/2016, the 0.4 m water table rule, BRGM, and what peat rules mean for carbon projects.
- Permen LH/BPLH 11/2026 and Sector Carbon Rules
Permen LH/BPLH 11/2026 sets waste-sector carbon trading procedures from 12 August 2026. What it covers, how it uses SRUK, and what it signals for forest carbon.
- Permen LHK 21/2022 Procedures for Carbon Economic Value
Permen LHK 21/2022 set Indonesia's carbon economic value (NEK) procedures: trading, results-based payment, levies, SPE-GRK and SRN-PPI, and its 2026 status.
- Permen LHK 7/2023 on Forestry Sector Carbon Trading
Permen LHK 7/2023 set the first forestry carbon trading procedure in Indonesia. What it covered, who it applied to, and how Permenhut 6/2026 now takes over.
- Permenhut 6/2026: Forestry Carbon Trading and Community Participation
Permenhut 6/2026 sets Indonesia's forestry carbon trading procedure and names social forestry and customary forests as equal participants. Key points.
- Perpres 110/2025: The New Legal Anchor for Carbon Trading
Perpres 110/2025 is the legal anchor for Indonesian carbon trading. What it covers, the 2026 rules built on it, and what it means for forest carbon projects.
- Perpres 98/2021 on Carbon Economic Value (NEK)
Perpres 98/2021 explained: how Indonesia's 2021 carbon economic value (NEK) regulation set up carbon trading, and what still matters after Perpres 110/2025.
- POJK 10/2026: Amendments to Carbon Exchange Rules
POJK 10/2026 amends POJK 14/2023 from 6 July 2026: SRUK recording, wider carbon units, overseas units and consumer protection, explained for sellers.
- POJK 14/2023 on Carbon Trading via the Carbon Exchange
POJK 14/2023 explained: OJK's rule for carbon trading through the carbon exchange, what it covers, and how POJK 10/2026 changed it for forest carbon projects.
- The Permanent Moratorium on New Licences in Primary Forest and Peat
Indonesia's primary forest moratorium (moratorium hutan primer): Inpres 5/2019, the PIPPIB map, what it covers and what it means for carbon projects.
- PTBAE-PU: Emission Allowances for Business Actors
PTBAE-PU explained: Indonesia's emission allowance for capped companies, how it trades on IDXCarbon, and where forest offsets fit in the compliance market.
- Indonesian Carbon Regulation Timeline 2021–2026
Indonesia carbon regulation timeline 2021–2026: Perpres 98/2021, POJK 14/2023, IDXCarbon, Perpres 110/2025, Permenhut 6/2026, POJK 10/2026 and SRUK.
- Carbon Projects in Social Forestry (Perhutanan Sosial)
How carbon projects work in Indonesian social forestry (perhutanan sosial): the five schemes, Permenhut 6/2026 rules, partners, FPIC and benefit sharing.
- SPE-GRK: Indonesian GHG Emission Reduction Certificates
SPE-GRK explained: what Indonesia's GHG emission reduction certificate is, how it is issued and traded on IDXCarbon, and what it means for forest projects.
- SRN-PPI: The National Registry System and Its Transition
SRN-PPI explained: Indonesia's national climate change registry, its role under Perpres 98/2021, and how SRUK took over carbon unit recording in 2026.
- SRUK: Indonesia’s Carbon Unit Registry System
SRUK registry explained: Indonesia's Carbon Unit Registry System, which replaces SRN-PPI for traded units from 2026. What it records and what projects must do.
Services
- Indonesian Carbon Regulatory Navigation
Indonesian carbon regulatory navigation: Perpres 110/2025, SRUK, IDXCarbon, Permenhut 6/2026 and OJK rules explained for your project or company.