akar.earthIndonesian Carbon Regulation Timeline 2021–2026
Indonesia carbon regulation timeline 2021–2026: Perpres 98/2021, POJK 14/2023, IDXCarbon, Perpres 110/2025, Permenhut 6/2026, POJK 10/2026 and SRUK.
Indonesia built its carbon market in two waves: a 2021–2023 wave that created the carbon economic value (NEK) framework, the forestry trading procedure and the IDXCarbon exchange, and a 2025–2026 wave that re-anchored the system on Perpres 110/2025, amended the exchange rules through POJK 10/2026 and moved unit recording to the new SRUK registry. The table below lists the dated milestones we have verified; where only the year is certain, we give the year.
Timeline table
| Date | Instrument or event | What it did |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | UU 7/2021 (tax harmonisation law, HPP) | Introduced a carbon tax, minimum rate IDR 30 per kg CO2e; implementation postponed |
| 2021 | PP 23/2021 and Permen LHK 9/2021 | Forestry implementation rules, multi-business PBPH licences and social forestry management |
| October 2021 | Perpres 98/2021 | Set up the NEK framework: carbon trading, results-based payment, carbon levy; registry SRN-PPI |
| 2022 | Permen LHK 21/2022 | Implementing procedures for NEK, MRV and SPE-GRK issuance |
| 2022 | Ministerial operational plan for FOLU Net Sink 2030 | Land-sector target of a -140 MtCO2e net sink by 2030 |
| 2022 | Energy ministry regulation on carbon value in power generation | Basis for the power-sector emissions trading that uses PTBAE-PU |
| September 2022 | Enhanced NDC | 31.89% unconditional and 43.20% conditional cut vs business-as-usual by 2030 |
| 2023 | UU 4/2023 (P2SK) | Placed the carbon exchange under OJK supervision |
| 2023 | POJK 14/2023 | Rules for carbon trading through a carbon exchange |
| 2023 | Permen LHK 7/2023 | Forestry sector carbon trading procedure |
| 2023 | Power-sector emissions trading begins | Coal power plants trade allowances |
| 26 September 2023 | IDXCarbon launches | Indonesia’s carbon exchange, run by the Indonesia Stock Exchange |
| October 2024 | Ministry split | KLHK divided into the Ministry of Environment (KLH, with BPLH) and the Ministry of Forestry (Kemenhut) |
| January 2025 | International trading on IDXCarbon | Foreign buyers can trade Indonesian units |
| 2025 | Perpres 110/2025 | New legal anchor for NEK and national GHG control; reworks key provisions of Perpres 98/2021 |
| 2025 | Second NDC prepared | Check the UNFCCC registry for content |
| 29 April 2026 | Permenhut 6/2026 socialised | Forestry carbon trading procedure; social forestry, customary forests and communities named as equal participants |
| 2 July 2026 | POJK 10/2026 set | Amends POJK 14/2023 |
| 6 July 2026 | POJK 10/2026 promulgated and applies | Traded units must be recorded in SRUK |
| 6 July 2026 | Permen LH/BPLH 10/2026 on SRUK (reported) | Registry regulation reported to take effect |
| 7 July 2026 | National carbon market launch target | Target date given by the NEK steering committee secretariat |
| 9 July 2026 | SRUK launched (reported) | Carbon Unit Registry System goes live |
| 12 August 2026 | Permen LH/BPLH 11/2026 set | Waste-sector carbon trading procedure |
Two older instruments still matter for forest carbon: PP 57/2016 on peat protection and Inpres 5/2019, which made the moratorium on new licences in primary forest and peat permanent.
Wave one: building the framework (2021–2024)
Perpres 98/2021 created the NEK system and named its instruments. Permen LHK 21/2022 set out how projects design mitigation actions, measure results, get SPE-GRK certificates and record them in SRN-PPI. Permen LHK 7/2023 applied this to forestry. The P2SK law and POJK 14/2023 put a carbon exchange under OJK. IDXCarbon launched in September 2023.
The result was a working exchange but a thin market. IDXCarbon reports about 1.9 million+ tCO2e of cumulative volume and 10 listed SPE-GRK projects. Analysts linked weak international investment to regulatory uncertainty and restrictive rules for exports.
Wave two: re-plumbing (2025–2026)
Perpres 110/2025 re-anchored the system. In 2026, sector procedures followed: Permenhut 6/2026 for forestry, Permen LH/BPLH 11/2026 for waste. POJK 10/2026 aligned the exchange with the new framework, widened the scope of carbon units, allowed trading of overseas units not recorded in SRUK, and required units to be recorded in SRUK. A transitional rule let the exchange trade units recorded in ministry electronic systems for up to three months after promulgation, until SRUK operates.
What it means for developers and buyers
- Projects registered before 2026 should check how they move from SRN-PPI to SRUK and whether their documents meet the new forestry procedure.
- New forestry projects should design to Permenhut 6/2026 from the start, including registered partners, FPIC and benefit sharing.
- Buyers should ask which regulation a unit was issued under and where it is recorded.
Our Indonesia regulatory navigation service tracks these changes for specific projects.
Open questions
- Whether Perpres 110/2025 fully revokes Perpres 98/2021, and whether Permenhut 6/2026 revokes Permen LHK 7/2023. Check the closing clauses on JDIH.
- The exact date SRUK became fully operational for all sectors.
- Rules for Article 6 authorisation and corresponding adjustments.
For explanations of each instrument, see the Indonesia regulation hub.
Frequently asked questions
What are the key Indonesian carbon regulations since 2021?
Perpres 98/2021 set up the carbon economic value (NEK) framework. POJK 14/2023 created the carbon exchange rules, and IDXCarbon launched on 26 September 2023. Perpres 110/2025 is now the legal anchor, followed in 2026 by Permenhut 6/2026, POJK 10/2026 and the SRUK registry.
When did POJK 10/2026 take effect?
It was set on 2 July 2026 and promulgated on 6 July 2026, from which date it applies.
When did IDXCarbon open to international buyers?
International trading of Indonesian carbon units on IDXCarbon opened in January 2025.
What replaced SRN-PPI for traded carbon units?
Under POJK 10/2026, carbon units traded on the exchange must be recorded in SRUK, the Carbon Unit Registry System, which replaces SRN-PPI for that purpose. SRUK was reportedly launched on 9 July 2026.